Who sits next to whom? Where will the guest of honour be seated? How do I address him or her? These are some of the questions that arise again and again at functions with high-ranking guests.

The issue of ranks and titles plays an important role in dealings with public figures. It is also of political significance in international relations, for mistakes can cause strain and impair the quality of bilateral relations.

But also at national level - at state occasions, ceremonial or festive events, official meals, etc. - participants should be treated appropriately according to protocol.

more information on ranks and titles:

• Official ranking of the federal ministries
• Order of precedence
• Seating order